Equine Dentist: check-ups, common problems and prevention
A horse's mouth is a complex structure with teeth that grow continuously throughout its life. Dental irregularities are the silent cause of many conditions, resistances under saddle, and difficulties chewing. Regular examination by an equine dentist or a veterinarian trained in dentistry is an essential part of proper management.
Why equine teeth are different
Horses' teeth erupt throughout their lifespan, compensating for wear from their natural abrasive diet. In domestication, eating soft foods can lead to uneven wear: sharp points appear on cheeks and tongue, hooks, and floating teeth. The equine dentist files these irregularities and restores proper chewing.
Examination frequency
General recommendation: every 12 months for adults, every 6 months for growing young horses (2-5 years old) and for those over 18 years old. Horses with previous problems may require more frequent examinations. Skipping examinations for long periods usually leads to problems that require more aggressive intervention.
Warning signs
Dropping food while chewing, forming food balls in cheeks, marked halitosis, unexplained weight loss, resistance to the bit, head tilting while eating, excessive wasted hay. Any of these signs warrants a dental check-up; do not wait for the next scheduled appointment.
How the examination is performed
The horse is secured in a stocks, lightly sedated to place a speculum, and the entire oral cavity is inspected with mirrors and flashlights. Filing is done with specialized manual or electric instruments. A complete session takes between 30 and 60 minutes. The price varies between €80 and €150.
Age and teeth
Up to 5 years of age, the horse replaces its milk teeth with permanent ones. Wolf teeth (vestigial teeth) are usually extracted during training. From 18-20 years of age, tooth loss and degenerative problems are common; some older horses require a special diet with soft feeds.
Frequently asked questions
Does a dental check-up require sedation?
In most cases, yes, to allow for safe and precise work. Short sedation only lasts for the duration of the procedure.
Can a general veterinarian perform it?
Some can, if they have specific training. It is common to refer to an equine dentistry specialist for thorough check-ups.
How much does a complete check-up cost?
In Spain, between €80 and €150 including sedation. Complex cases with extractions are charged separately.
