Hoof trimming and care: basic principles

The horse's hoof is a living structure that is constantly growing. Proper care prevents most lameness and extends the horse's useful life. As the saying goes, without hoof there is no horse, and it is no exaggeration: poor hoof management can render the animal useless in just a few months.

Basic anatomy

The hoof has several structures: outer wall (hoof wall), sole, frog (V-shaped triangular structure that acts as a shock absorber), bars, and pads. The white line is the junction between the wall and the sole and is the key clinical indicator: any widening or irregularity suggests problems. The hoof grows approximately 8-10 mm per month.

Daily cleaning

Every horse should have its hooves cleaned before and after work. A hoof pick is used to remove stones, mud, and compact debris that can cause abscesses. A routine of one minute per hoof prevents major problems. Stables with bedding constantly wet with urine quickly deteriorate the frog.

Farrier frequency

The farrier or professional trimmer visits every 5-8 weeks depending on growth and work. Spacing these appointments further creates balance issues that the horse pays for with its tendons and joints. It is one of the basic fixed costs of equine management and should not be cut.

Horseshoes or no shoes?

The decision between shod or unshod depends on use, terrain type, hoof quality, and conformation. A pleasure horse on soft ground can go unshod; a working horse on a hard track or asphalt usually needs shoes. Protective boots are an increasingly used alternative for occasional work.

Common problems

Abscesses from foreign bodies or knocks, frog rot due to poor hygiene, cracks, vertical cracks due to dry hooves, and imbalances due to late shoeing. Any new lameness in a horse should first be checked in the hoof before looking for problems higher up.

Frequently asked questions

Can hooves be greased?

Only if they are dry. Hoof grease applied to a wet hoof traps moisture and makes it worse. The best protection is a clean, balanced hoof that is worn on varied terrain.

How much does a farrier visit cost?

In Spain, between €50 and €100 depending on the area and whether it is a full shoeing or just trimming. Specialized sports shoeing can cost more.

Can horses go barefoot their whole lives?

Yes, many do perfectly well. It requires that their conformation allows it and that the hoof is properly managed by a professional trimmer.