Endurance riding: physical preparation, pace, and vetting
Endurance riding is the equestrian discipline that measures a horse's stamina over distances ranging from 20 km for beginners to 160 km in one-day international races. The winner is not the fastest, but the horse-and-rider combination that finishes in a condition acceptable to the veterinarians. This completely changes the preparation mindset compared to other disciplines.
Distances and categories
In Spain, races are grouped into initiation (20-40 km), promotion (40-60 km), and from there into official categories up to 160 km international. The average speed depends on the level: in initiation, the focus is on walking and light trotting, with no time objective; in official races, the average speed is around 14-18 km/h depending on the terrain.
Vetting: the veterinary check
Every phase of an endurance race ends with a mandatory veterinary check. Heart rate (which must drop to 64 beats per minute within a set time), hydration, mucous membranes, intestinal motility, conformation, and an in-hand trot to detect lameness are evaluated. If the horse does not pass, it is eliminated. This makes cardiac recovery the key indicator of the race.
Progressive training
The preparation of an endurance horse is measured in months, not weeks. The foundation work consists of long, low-intensity sessions on varied terrain, two or three times a week, alternated with recovery days. A heart rate monitor is a standard tool used to ensure the horse works within controlled ranges and learns to recover quickly.
Hydration and electrolytes
During the race, the horse can lose significant volumes of fluids through sweat. Strategic cooling stops (sponges with cold water on the neck, shoulder, and groin) and the administration of electrolytes prescribed by the veterinarian are part of the routine. Free water is offered in every assistance area.
Rider equipment and assistance
A lightweight endurance saddle, absorbent saddle pad, long reins, approved helmet, and comfortable clothing are essential. The support team (at least two people) prepares buckets, sponges, thermal blankets, and the horse's food at each checkpoint. Without a well-organized ground crew, a mid-distance race cannot be completed safely.
Frequently asked questions
Is any horse suitable for endurance?
No. The most used breeds are Arabian, Anglo-Arabian, and Arabian-crosses due to their stamina and cardiovascular recovery. Other breeds can compete in initiation, but long-distance races are very demanding.
How long does it take for a new horse to be ready for 40 km?
Under normal conditions, between six and nine months of systematic preparation, assuming a healthy horse and prior base work. Rushing this timeframe increases the risk of injury.
What happens if my horse does not recover at the check?
It is eliminated from the race. This is not a failure of the pair, but a protection for the horse. It is advisable to note the conditions and review the training plan.
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